{"id":4591,"date":"2017-05-15T11:05:16","date_gmt":"2017-05-15T16:05:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.acu.edu\/adamscenter\/?page_id=4591"},"modified":"2017-05-19T10:04:39","modified_gmt":"2017-05-19T15:04:39","slug":"cognitive-apprenticeship","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.acu.edu\/adamscenter\/pedagogy\/cognitive-apprenticeship\/","title":{"rendered":"Cognitive Apprenticeship"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>What is cognitive apprenticeship?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1987, Collins, Brown, and Newman developed six effective teaching methods that would allow cognitive and metacognitive strategies for the use, management, and discovery of new knowledge. They recognized that apprenticeship, which is missing from formal schooling, has been effectively used for centuries to teach complex and important skills and thus formulated a new set of apprenticeship-like methods. They noted that the difference between skills learned through abstracted theory or through apprenticeship is not academic but that there are serious implications for the nature of the knowledge that students acquire. This was the beginning of the concept of c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ognitive apprenticeship, which is a teaching model \u201caimed primarily at teaching the problem-solving processes that experts use to handle complex tasks\u201d[1] with an emphasis on learning through guided experience. It focuses on cognitive and metacognitive skills and processes \u201cintended to enable apprentices to learn strategies and skills in the context of their application to realistic problems, within a culture focused on and defined by expert practice.\u201d[2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Practical tips for implementing cognitive apprenticeship<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These practices are based on the six core methods of cognitive apprenticeship.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carry out the task so that the students can observe and build a conceptual model of the processes required to accomplish the task. (<\/span><b>Modeling<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Observe students while they carry out tasks and offer hints, feedback, reminders, and new tasks designed to bring the students closer to expert performance. (<\/span><b>Coaching<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Provide supports, which can be in physical or verbal forms, such as suggestions or cue cards, to help students carry out a task. (<\/span><b>Scaffolding<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encourage students to articulate their knowledge, reasoning, or problem-solving processes. (<\/span><b>Articulation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encourage reflection, which enables students to compare their own problem-solving processes with those of experts, other students, and an internal cognitive model of expertise. (<\/span><b>Reflection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encourage students to explore, which is the natural culmination of the fading of supports, including both problem solving and problem setting. Exploration pushes students into a mode of problem-solving on their own. (<\/span><b>Exploration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Resources<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"http:\/\/web.cortland.edu\/frieda\/id\/IDtheories\/37.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/web.cortland.edu\/frieda\/id\/IDtheories\/37.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.learning-theories.com\/cognitive-apprenticeship-collins-et-al.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.learning-theories.com\/cognitive-apprenticeship-collins-et-al.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mathforum.org\/sarah\/Discussion.Sessions\/Collins.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/mathforum.org\/sarah\/Discussion.Sessions\/Collins.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>References<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1][2] Collins, A., Brown, J. S., &amp; Newman, S. E. Theory name: Cognitive apprenticeship. Retrieved from <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/web.cortland.edu\/frieda\/id\/IDtheories\/37.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/web.cortland.edu\/frieda\/id\/IDtheories\/37.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is cognitive apprenticeship? In 1987, Collins, Brown, and Newman developed six effective teaching methods that would allow cognitive and metacognitive strategies for the use, management, and discovery of new knowledge. They recognized that apprenticeship, which is missing from formal schooling, has been effectively used for centuries to teach complex and important skills and thus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14465,"featured_media":0,"parent":4578,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-4591","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is cognitive apprenticeship? In 1987, Collins, Brown, and Newman developed six effective teaching methods that would allow cognitive and metacognitive strategies for the use, management, and discovery of new knowledge. 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