{"id":1186,"date":"2025-04-09T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T15:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.acu.edu\/sensingt\/?p=1186"},"modified":"2025-04-26T21:53:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T02:53:17","slug":"apostles-creed-part-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.acu.edu\/sensingt\/2025\/04\/apostles-creed-part-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Apostles&#8217; Creed (part 4)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Suffered under Pontius Pilate; \/\/ Was crucified, died and was buried. \/\/ He descended into hell. The third day he rose again from the dead.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Suffered\u2014 \u201cStill, it\u2019s not quite true that the creed just ignores everything that happens between Jesus\u2019 birth and death. In fact, already among the earliest Christians it had become customary to sum up Jesus\u2019 whole life under one word: \u2018suffering.\u2019 (Luke 24:26). Luke records that Paul summed up Jesus\u2019 life in the same way: \u2018It was necessary for the Messiah to suffer\u2019 (Acts 17:3). By the time of the later New Testament writings, the word \u2018suffering\u2019 has become a convenient formula for referring to the whole story of Jesus\u2019 life and death: \u2018he suffered\u2019 (Heb 2:18).\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>And 1 Pet 4:1. And in our baptism, we share in his sufferings, Rom 8:17.<\/li>\n<li>And our identification with Jesus\u2019 suffering is connected to Jesus: death, descended, resurrected, and ascended&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u201cFrom a different angle, the insistence that Christ\u2014and in him, God\u2014suffered is important because it tells us that God is not remote from or unacquainted with the sorts of suffering, often dreadful suffering, that [we] experience in life. The scale of suffering in God\u2019s world is one of the biggest problems for believers and unbelievers alike when it comes to making sense of the world and of the claim that God is its creator and sustainer. \u2026 [God experiences] \u2018godforsaken\u2019 in order to sustain us through it and to break its hold over us. This is a God who is never closer to us, that is to say, than he is in the midst of our seeming \u2018godforsakennes,\u2019 and such suffering has no power to isolate or to distance us from God. He has been there before us, and he goes there with us.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Compare:\n<ul>\n<li>22:2\u20133, 22 \u201cMy God, my God, why have You abandoned me\u2014\u00a0\u00a0far from my deliverance, the words of my howling?!\u00a0 3 My God! I call out by day, and You do not answer\u2014\u00a0and by night, but there is no rest for me. \u201c22 Deliver me from the lion\u2019s mouth, and from the horns of wild oxen\u2026\u00a0You have answered me!\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cWhen he had received the drink, Jesus said, \u2018<strong>It <\/strong><strong>is<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>finished<\/strong>.\u2019 With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit\u201d John 19:30.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The narratival substructure of Paul\u2019s writings is the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus.\n<ul>\n<li>Jesus\u2019 death was not expected.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> The crucifixion meant that the Kingdom did not come, and Jesus was not the Messiah.<\/li>\n<li>Jesus\u2019 death is connected deeply with our atonement. Jesus died for us. Many images \u2026 none alone carry the fullness of meaning or literal explanation. Taken together is the best we can do to get our minds around how God addresses sin. Each of the images has a point of comparison but also limitations.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Religious sacrifice at the Temple.<\/li>\n<li>Justice-to satisfy a penalty.<\/li>\n<li>Winning the cosmic battle between good and evil. Christus Victor.<\/li>\n<li>Paying a debt or paying a price for human sin.<\/li>\n<li>The redemption price someone pays to free a slave. Liberated from bondage.<\/li>\n<li>Born from above or rebirth.<\/li>\n<li>New Creation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1 Peter 2:20\u201325. It is more than Jesus substituting himself for us, but he set an example \u201cto enable us to suffer and die as we follow in his footsteps. Indeed, we might say that part of what sets him apart from us and makes his suffering and death unique is their capacity, as the suffering and death of God, to be <em>generative<\/em> of ours as we are united ever more fully to him by the Holy Spirit. As we grow more like him, so we too begin to \u2018suffer\u2019 sin in the world and in ourselves \u2026 coming to see things as God sees them, to feel things as God feels them, our moral and spiritual lives being reorientated until our familiar bearings no longer grant us any stability or guidance. As the Spirit infuses us with the life and the \u2018power\u2019 of Christ\u2019s obedience, we too will increasingly find ourselves at odds with the world and its values, and participation in its shared institutions and practices will begin to chafe at points like an ill-fitting shoe until we are raw.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>He descended \u2026 A way of saying that Jesus shares in the fullness of death. \u201cOur Lord\u2019s destiny also includes his conception, birth, suffering, crucifixion, death, and burial. After declaring \u2018He descended into hell,\u2019 the Creed further recounts his resurrection, ascension, session, and promised coming to judge the living and the dead. Hell therefore could be taken as one of the discrete scenes in the drama of redemption.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>How do we dare to look at the cross or hear the story again? What happened in the life of God between Good Friday and Easter Sunday? That is more than a pause but requires us to deeply reflect. Therefore, rejoice when Jesus says, \u201cIt is finished.\u201d Only then can we look.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Interpretive Possibilities:\n<ul>\n<li>It could characterize what befell Jesus Christ in his crucifixion.<\/li>\n<li>It could portray more deeply the victory over sin and death wrought by his resurrection.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6 referencing Sheol (a place of the dead who await the coming Day of the Lord). See also Ps 139; 16:10; 22:15; 30:3, 9; 69:2. Or, referencing the grave as you await the coming day of the Lord.<\/li>\n<li><em>Sheol<\/em> as the place of the dead or Hades. Ps. 88; Acts 2:27, 31.<\/li>\n<li>Kay, quoting Rufinus (ca. 404), <em>A Commentary on the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>, \u201cIn order to accomplish salvation through the weakness of flesh that His divine nature went down to death in the flesh. The intention was not that He might be held fast by death according to the law governing mortals, but that, assured of rising again by His own power, He might open the gates of death. It was as if a king were to go to a dungeon and, entering it, were to fling open its doors, loosen the fetters break the chains, bolts, and bars in pieces, conduct the captives forth to freedom, and restore <em>such as sat in darkness and in the shadow of death<\/em> [cf. Ps. 107:10] to light and life. In a case like this the king is, of course, said to have been in the dungeon, but not under the same circumstances as the prisoners confined within it. They were there to discharge their penalties, but he to secure their discharge from punishment.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Death is not God. Death does not have the final word. \u201cFor to this end Christ died and lived again, so that he might be Lord of both the dead and the living\u201d (Rom. 14:9).<\/li>\n<li>Jesus follows humanity\u2019s descent into death so that humanity may then follow Jesus in rising up to freedom. Jesus is not a victim of death; he is the victor over death.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Descended into Hell is the first act of resurrection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Gehenna<\/em>\u2014the place of fire, eternal punishment taken from the Valley of Hinnom, a ravine south of Jerusalem (2 Chron 28:3; 33:6; Jer. 7:31; 32:35; see Jer. 7:30\u201334; 19). See also Matt. 25:41.<\/li>\n<li>The tension between <em>Sheol <\/em>(the place of the dead) and <em>Gehenna<\/em> (a place of eternal punishment).\n<ul>\n<li>Symbolic interpretation. Not a historical referent in the story, but a referent to the suffering of death on the cross for the redemption of humanity.<\/li>\n<li>Kay, referencing Calvin\u2019s interpretation says, \u201cChrist died in the place of sinners (Isa. 53:4\u20136). As such, he suffered in body and soul the torments of damnation, of God\u2019s severity, wrath, and judgment. \u2018No wonder, then, if he is said to have descended into hell, for he suffered the death that God in his wrath had inflicted upon the wicked!\u2019 In this sense, the imagery of <em>Gehenna<\/em> replaces that of <em>Sheol<\/em> as more adequate in describing the depths of anguish that the Son of God endured for the sake of sinners.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> Therefore, Ps. 22:1. Hell is godforsakenness. Jesus\u2019 dying was not routine death but the death of the ages where sin\u2019s full curse was met. Only \u201cHell\u201d describes it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Yet, as Jesus approached death, Jesus still cried out to God. Descended into Hell is where death and resurrection meet. It is here, not so much sequential but theological, that sin and redemption meet and victory over sin is won. \u201cHe died for All\u201d (2 Cor. 5).<\/li>\n<li>The descent into Hell is the place where death, sinners, and Hell hear the Gospel and encounter the Savior, 1 Pet 3:19\u201320. \u201cAccording to Dante, the gates of hell have an inscription above them that reads: \u2018Abandon all hope, ye who enter here.\u2019\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> The Gospel is preached when there is godforsakenness, where there is no hope, and when God seems most silent. Even when Christ is dead and buried, the preaching of the gospel goes on.<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>So, asking again, how do we dare to look at the cross or hear the story again? What happened in the life of God between Good Friday and Easter Sunday? That is more than a pause but requires us to deeply reflect. Therefore, rejoice when Jesus says, \u201cIt is finished.\u201d Only then can we look.<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Parable of Luke 16:19\u201331. He descended, breaking the logic of Jesus\u2019 own parable by crossing and demonstrating his power over death and being the embodiment of good news.<\/li>\n<li>Compare the images of Picasso\u2019s <em>Guernica<\/em> covered up at the UN, January 27 as described by Johnston.<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0 Do images of Hell call on us to preach the truth of the Gospel?<\/li>\n<li>See also John 11:23\u201327; Matt 16:18; Eph 4:8\u201310; Rev 1:17\u201318.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Resurrection\n<ul>\n<li>If the disciples did not expect crucifixion, they certainly did not expect resurrection. <a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> Not only in the resurrection predictions (e.g., Mk 8:31) but as already seen in John 20. Resurrection is a day of astonishment.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe resurrection, wrote Barth, \u2018involves a definite seeing with the eyes and hearing with the ears and handling with the hands, as the Easter stories say so unmistakably and emphatically. \u2026 It involves real eating and drinking, speaking and answering, reasoning \u2026 and doubting and then, believing\u2019 (IV\/2, p. 143).\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a> Resurrection is as concrete as his death.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, as the risen one, Jesus is transcendent, eternal, and present. The Living Christ is a Real Presence.<\/li>\n<li>He was resurrected. You cannot have crucifixion without resurrection and resurrection without crucifixion.\n<ul>\n<li>Cross shaped life<\/li>\n<li>Resurrection shaped life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Along with the incarnation, the resurrection of the body (soma) exhorts us to take the creative material world seriously.<\/li>\n<li>I believe, \u201cHe is risen!\u201d Except when it is embarrassing or inconvenient to believe so. Except when completing my taxes, casting my vote, making investments, receiving the immigrant, loving my enemies, respecting all peoples, or other morally compromising positions. What is a resurrection-shaped life?<\/li>\n<li>Resurrected body\u2014not corrupt but material and spiritual. His resurrected hands still bore the scars of crucifixion. Jesus\u2019 bones are not still with us in a grave. (See 1 Cor. 15, Phil. 3:21 and 1 John 3:2).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe nature of the resurrected body, according to Christian theology, is described as transformed, imperishable, and glorified. The most detailed description comes from <strong style=\"font-size: 1.125rem\">1 Corinthians 15:35-58<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1.125rem\">, where the Apostle Paul contrasts our current physical bodies with the spiritual, resurrected body. Here are some key aspects:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Imperishable &amp; Immortal<\/strong> \u2013 Unlike our current bodies, which age, decay, and die, the resurrected body will be incorruptible and will never perish (1 Corinthians 15:42, 53-54).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Glorified<\/strong> \u2013 It will be raised in glory, meaning it will be radiant and perfected, free from the weaknesses and flaws of earthly bodies (1 Corinthians 15:43; Philippians 3:21).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Powerful<\/strong> \u2013 The resurrected body will be filled with power, no longer subject to frailty, sickness, or suffering (1 Corinthians 15:43).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spiritual, yet Physical<\/strong> \u2013 Paul contrasts the &#8220;natural body&#8221; with a &#8220;spiritual body&#8221; (1 Corinthians 15:44). This doesn\u2019t mean it will be non-physical, but that it will be fully empowered by the Spirit of God, like Jesus&#8217; resurrected body.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Like Christ\u2019s Resurrected Body<\/strong> \u2013 Philippians 3:21 says that believers&#8217; bodies will be transformed to be like Christ\u2019s resurrected body. After His resurrection, Jesus could be touched (Luke 24:39), eat food (Luke 24:42-43), and yet also appear and disappear at will (Luke 24:31, John 20:19).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perfectly Suited for Eternal Life<\/strong> \u2013 The resurrected body is made for the new heavens and new earth, where there is no death, pain, or sorrow (Revelation 21:4).\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Myers, <em>The Apostles\u2019 Creed, <\/em>58.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Hart, <em>Confessing and Believing, <\/em>105.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> John 20:1\u201318.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> See Hart, <em>Confessing and Believing, <\/em>110\u201311, for significance and limitations of atonement imagery.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Hart, <em>Confessing and Believing, <\/em>123.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> James F. Kay, \u201cHe Descended into Hell,\u201d 118, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Scott Black Johnston, \u201cHarrowing,\u201d 131, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> James F. Kay, \u201cHe Descended into Hell,\u201d 118, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> James F. Kay, \u201cHe Descended into Hell,\u201d 120\u201321, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> James F. Kay, \u201cHe Descended into Hell,\u201d 121, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> James F. Kay, \u201cHe Descended into Hell,\u201d 125, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Scott Black Johnston, \u201cHarrowing,\u201d 135, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Scott Black Johnston, \u201cHarrowing,\u201d 135, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Scott Black Johnston, \u201cHarrowing,\u201d 131, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Scott Black Johnston, \u201cHarrowing,\u201d 132, 135, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> N. T. Wright, <em>Surprised by Hope<\/em>, (London: SPCK, 2007), 51.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> George Hunsinger, \u201cOn the Third Day He Arose Again from the Dead,\u201d 151, in Van Harn, <em>Exploring &amp; Proclaiming the Apostles\u2019 Creed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> OpenAI. 2025. <em>ChatGPT (AI Language Model).<\/em> Accessed February 21, 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\">https:\/\/openai.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Suffered under Pontius Pilate; \/\/ Was crucified, died and was buried. \/\/ He descended into hell. The third day he<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3578,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97015],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-class-teaching","comments-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apostles&#039; Creed (part 4) - HomileticalSensings<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.acu.edu\/sensingt\/2025\/04\/apostles-creed-part-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apostles&#039; Creed (part 4) - HomileticalSensings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Suffered under Pontius Pilate; \/\/ Was crucified, died and was buried. \/\/ He descended into hell. 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