About six months overdue after the court judgment and huge damages determined.  And note that MOIS officials were named, but the U.S. could have gone higher up the decision tree to the Leader.  “However, senior Iranian officials authorized Levinson’s abduction and detention and launched a disinformation campaign to deflect blame from the Iranian regime. The individuals designated today, Mohammad Baseri and Ahmad Khazai, acted in their capacity as MOIS officers in the abduction, detention, and probable death of Mr. Levinson.”  See “U.S. imposes sanctions against Iran over the 2007 abduction of former FBI agent,” David Li and Abigail Williams, NBC, December 14, 2020.  And see “US formally blames Iranian officers for abduction, likely death of retired FBI agent Robert Levinson,” Kevin Johnson and Deirdre Shesgreen, USA Today, December 14, 2020.

“Antony Blinken—nominated to be Biden secretary of state—and Jake Sullivan—nominated to serve as national security adviser—both condemned the killing on Twitter and vowed to hold Tehran to account for this and other abuses.  …  “Sullivan wrote on Twitter late Sunday: “Iran’s execution of Ruhollah Zam, a journalist who was denied due process and sentenced for exercising his universal rights, is another horrifying human rights violation by the Iranian regime. We will join our partners in calling out and standing up to Iran’s abuses.” Blinken simply retweeted Sullivan’s statement, adding: “This.””  See “Biden Aides Condemn ‘Horrifying’ Iran Execution Despite Nuclear Deal Hopes,” David Brennan, Newsweek, December 14, 2020.

Look at the list Bolivia says it wants to re-build relations with—Iran, Venezuela, Cuba, Russia, and Nicaragua.  See “Bolivia to reopen Iran embassy,” Middle East Monitor, December 14, 2020.  Drugs, Quds, IRGC, will flow through.

“Good news for the chances of reviving the Iran nuclear deal: President Hassan Rouhani announced on Monday that if the United States returns to the deal, Iran will also return, with no preconditions.”  This is what Slate reports.  Fake News, because this is not what Rouhani said, nor what Iran has said for months—they will not return to the deal, and they would require billions of dollars to return anyway.  See “The Iran Deal Lives,” Fred Kaplan, Slate, December 14, 2020.

Iran is anticipating oil demand from China over the next decade.  Thus, China’s purchases are assisting Iran to be a regional actor that remains a threat to other countries.  See “IOOC orders five offshore Iran platforms,” Offshore, December 14, 2020.

“Iranian president directly accuses Israel of killing nuclear scientist,” AP, Fox, December 14, 2020.

“Iran uses disguised tanker to export Venezuelan oil — documents,” Reuters, Arab News, December 14, 2020.

“UN human rights chief ‘appalled’ at Iran execution, questions trial process and verdict,” Daniel Johnson, UN News, December 14, 2020.

If true, this pressures Iran in the right direction.  “Report: Biden Team Divided on Rejoining Iran Nuclear Deal,” I24, Algemeiner, December 14, 2020.

“Ruhollah Zam established AMAD in 2015, named for the Persian acronym for “awareness, combat, and democracy). Zam said that the Telegram channel’s aim was fighting and exposing the Iranian government’s corruption and secret activities, claiming that the channel could disclose highly confidential news related to the ruling system’s most clandestine parts. After publishing classified images and documents, the channel not only attracted millions of followers, and successfully humiliated Iran’s intelligence services, but also turned into a news source for many Persian speakers outside Iran. The abduction and execution of Ruhollah Zam was seemingly the revenge for that humiliation.”  See “Was Ruhollah Zam’s Execution Payback For Embarrassing Iran’s Intel Agencies?,” Reza Haqiqatnezhad, Radio Farda, December 14, 2020.

Stalling for time.  “Review period of FATF conventions extended in Iran,” Elnur Baghishov, Trend, December 14, 2020.

This is exactly what needs to be said in every meeting time with Iran and at every level and in every speech by U.S. and Western officials.  And that any additional hostage taking freezes any agreement with Iran at that moment of the taking.  “No Iran deal without freeing detained U.S. citizens, U.S. official says,” Reuters, December 14, 2020.

This is important.  Repeatedly on this blog I state that Iran acts as it does (and not as a normal country) in support of its Islamic Revolution (and everything that Revolution entails).  Here is another article, and this one is tied directly to the slain nuclear scientist.  Here’s a quote—“The broadcaster said the first class Order of Nasr (“Victory” in Persian), bearing Khamenei’s signature, was handed to the scientist’s family by the armed forces chief of staff Major General Mohammad Bagheri. “This is a decoration meant for dear ones who defend the Islamic Revolution and Iran’s territorial integrity and independence,” Bagheri said. He added that it is the highest medal awarded in recognition of logistics contribution and support of the troops. After Fakhrizadeh’s death, Defense Minister Amir Hatami referred to him as his deputy minister and head of the ministry’s Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research (SPND), focusing on the field of “nuclear defense.””  See?  Fakhrizadhe’s work was nuclear, and in support of the Revolution.  The Revolution is not about clean water and isotopes and electricity, by-products of a civilian nuclear program.  See “Iran awards posthumous medal to assassinated nuke chief for ‘defending nation’,” Times of Israel, December 13, 2020.

In November.  “Iran Suspected After Massive Cyberattack on Israeli Firms Revealed,” Amitai Ziv, Haaertz, December 13, 2020.

“Time to bring perpetrators of Iran’s 1988 massacre to justice,” Majid Rafizadeh, op-ed, Arab News, December 13, 2020.

It is understandable that the IRI would be upset.  But part of this is their own making.  “Why did President Erdogan’s poem infuriate Iranians?,” Maziar Motamedi, Al Jazeera, December 13, 2020.

“Iran – the only country that has direct borders with both Azerbaijan and Armenia – especially since millions of Azeris and hundreds of thousands with Armenian origins live across the country. The poem recited by Erdogan laments how the Aras River has separated Azeri-speaking people in Azerbaijan and Iran and is a symbol of the pan-Turkism doctrine that seeks the unification of all Turks, including those living in Iran. To understand why the message infuriated Iranians so much, one must look at a treaty signed almost 200 years ago that concluded the Russo-Persian War and continues to be regarded as a source of shame brought on Iran by the Qajar dynasty that ruled until 1925. The Treaty of Turkmenchay ceded control of vast swathes of land in the South Caucasus to Russia and set the Aras River as the boundary between the two countries. Those lands now constitute large parts of Azerbaijan and Armenia, and even parts of Turkey. Millions of Azeri-descent Iranians still feel a close kinship and have relations with Azeris on the other side of the border.”

I don’t know yet if the execution was televised, and whether they hung Zam using a crane—strangulation, not hanging.  “Iran hangs journalist over 2017 protests,” Jon Gambrell, Newcastle Herald, December 13, 2020.

Actually, there is a long line of tolerance by Islam for persons of other faith, including Jews.  There were, in various places and times, various conditions also for that tolerance.  But Iran’s blanket statement that Morocco’s agreement to recognize Israel is certainly not a “betrayal of Islam.”  See “Iran says Morocco Israel deal ‘betrayal of Islam’,” AFP, December 13, 2020.  Ali Akbar Velayati spoke on behalf of the Supreme Leader.  Note also the threat by Iran to be involved in terror in those four countries—“Velayati said they will “witness popular uprisings in a not so distant future” as their “dependent, submissive and authoritarian leaders are unmasked.”

“A British-Iranian anthropologist has been sentenced to eight years in prison after being found guilty of collaborating with a hostile state. The Foreign Office has been made aware of the case of Kameel Ahmady, who said he was detained for 100 days last year without access to legal representation. Unusually, he has not been sent directly to jail following the sentencing. Amir Raesian, Ahmady’s lawyer, said: “[On] Saturday my client Kameel Ahmady, a researcher and anthropologist, was sentenced to eight years in prison by branch 15 of the revolutionary court in Tehran on charges of ‘collaborating with a hostile government’. We will appeal this ruling and we still hope.” In a statement released via friends in the UK, Ahmady said: “In autumn 2019, contrary to all legal strictures and hope of fair judgment, I was subjected to 100 days of detention and extrajudicial interrogation without access to a lawyer. “The judgment now handed down was issued after two non-expert court hearings in a legal process full of flaws.” Ahmady has published several books and papers in Iran on issues such as child labour, female genital mutilation and child marriage . He said he was being targeted for his work. “The legal focus of the accusation goes back to my research on the most harmful traditions about children in disadvantaged minority areas of Iran, but the main intention of my accusers has been to link my research to the United Nations 2030 sustainable development goals, and to stop my activities with the target community of my research,” Ahmady said. “My aim now is to appeal this verdict and hope for a fair trial in the appeal court.”  See “British–Iranian academic sentenced to eight years in prison in Iran,” Patrick Wintour, Guardian, December 13, 2020.

Not a good move by Iran to execute a journalist and rights advocate on the eve of the Electoral College victory for the new U.S. President Joe Biden.  See “France, other European countries withdraw from Iran business forum over execution,” Euractiv, December 13, 2020.

Helpful story by The Post about how Iran snatches persons, several after luring them to Turkey.  “Turkey says Iranian intelligence was behind elaborate plot to kidnap opponent in Istanbul,” Kareem Fahim and Erin Cunningham, Washington Post, December 13, 2020.

And they fined him 700K.  “Iran sentences British-Iranian researcher to 9 years in jail,” AP, December 13, 2020.

Perhaps another Irainian limpet mine.  “‘External source’ causes oil tanker blast off Saudi Arabia,” Jon Gambrell, AP, Seattle Times, December 13, 2020.

“Iranian hackers claim to have broken into Israeli start-up Habana Labs,” Abigail Adler, Jerusalem Post, December 13, 2020.

“The implications of a military figure as president of Iran,” Farhad Rezaei and Jason Brodsky, JNS, December 13, 2020.

Iran says other countries shouldn’t interfere in Iran’s internal affairs.  But when Iran snatches people from other countries or takes other countries’ citizens hostage, then it is the business of other countries.  See “Iran summons EU envoys for protesting reporter’s hanging,” AP, Mercury News, December 13, 2020.

“France Condemns ‘Barbaric’ Iranian Execution,” Reuters, December 12, 2020.  “An exiled journalist has been executed in Iran over his online work that helped inspire nationwide economic protests in 2017. Ruhollah Zam was captured a little more than a year ago after authorities tricked him into travelling to Iraq, where he was abducted. The 47-year-old was one of several opposition figures successfully seized by Iranian intelligence operatives abroad in recent months as Tehran struggles under the weight of US sanctions. The execution drew immediate international condemnation. Zam’s execution was “a deadly blow to freedom of expression in Iran and shows the extent of the Iranian authorities’ brutal tactics to instil fear and deter dissent”, Amnesty International’s Diana Eltahawy warned. Iranian state television referred to Zam as “the leader of the riots” in announcing his execution by hanging early on Saturday. In June, a court sentenced Zam to death, saying he had been convicted of “corruption on earth”, a charge often used in cases involving espionage or attempts to overthrow Iran’s government. Zam’s website AmadNews and a channel he created on the popular messaging app Telegram had spread the timings of the 2017 protests and embarrassing information about officials that directly challenged Iran’s Shi’ite theocracy. Zam’s father, the reformist Shi’ite cleric Mohammad Ali Zam, seemed to confirm his son was abducted in Iraq in comments on Instagram on Saturday. “I made a deal with God, I have no worries, these people brought me to Karbala, but did not allow me to visit the shrine,” the Instagram post quotes the younger Zam as saying. Karbala is home to the shrine of Imam Hussein, an important pilgrimage point for Shi’ites. The cleric said he only was allowed to visit Tehran’s Evin prison on Friday to see his son after agreeing with authorities not to tell him his execution loomed. Reporters Without Borders said Zam’s hanging was a “new crime of Iranian justice”. Sherif Mansour of the Committee to Protect Journalists said Zam’s execution had seen Iranian authorities “join the company of criminal gangs and violent extremists who silence journalists by murdering them”. “This is a monstrous and shameful act, and one which the international community must not let pass unnoticed,” Mansour said. The European Union called on Iran to stop its executions and “cease the practice of using televised confessions to establish and promote their guilt”. Zam has been the subject of several state TV programs in which he gave apparently coerced confessions.”

“Iran’s execution of journalist Ruhollah Zam, briefly explained,” Cameron Peters, Vox, December 12, 2020.

“Iran’s Int’l Quran Competition Slated for March 2021,” International Quran New Agency, December 12, 2020.

“Iran’s options to hit Israel for nuke chief’s killing reach far beyond Hezbollah,” Avi Issacharoff, Times of Israel, December 12, 2020.

“Two Decades Later, Still No Justice For Iran’s ‘Chain Murders’ Of Intellectuals,” Golnaz Esfandiari and Fereshteh Ghazi, RFE/RL, December 12, 2020.

“Iran Starts Mass Producing Gate Valves in Defiance of Sanctions,” IFP Editorial Staff -December 12, 2020.

“Intelligence experts say Iranian regime hackers targeted dissidents during online rally,” Ray Hanania, Arab News, December 12, 2020.

“India, Iran, To Hold Trilateral Meeting On Chabahar Port On Dec 14,” Business World, December 12, 2020.

“Iran’s Supreme Leader: Who might succeed Ali Khamenei?,” Rana Rahimpour, BBC, December 12, 2020.

Not a very good translation, or they made a mistake.  Tasnim admits the hanging of Zam for spreading “incriminating content against Iran’s Islamic establishment and insulting the sanctities of Iranian Muslims and publishing fake news in order to drive a wedge between the Iranian people and government.”  That ought to send shivers down the spine of every Iranian citizen who speaks out, and a lot do.  See “Admin of Anti-Iran Website Ruhollah Zam Executed,” Tasnim News Agency, December, 12, 2020.

Iran prepares revenge attacks after the West eliminates terrorists.  “Fears Iran-backed militias in Iraq readying attack to avenge nuke chief – report,” Times of Israel, AP, December 11, 2020.

“Fears Iran-backed militias in Iraq readying attack to avenge nuke chief – report,” AP, Times of Israel, December 11, 2020.

Really thinking outside the box.  But notice where the proposal came from—an Israeli voice.  This sort of thing would not be tolerated in Iran if a newspaper in Tehran made this suggestion.  “Now’s the Time for Israel to Make Peace With Iran,” Ofri Ilany, Haaretz, December 11, 2020.

To deter Iran’s plans, “two B-52H “Stratofortresses” flew from Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana on a roughly 36-hour mission that took them across Europe, through the northern Red Sea, across Saudi Arabia and into the Persian Gulf for a north to south transit. The mission included a counterclockwise loop around Qatar, all the time staying closer to the western side of the Arabian Gulf and outside Iranian airspace, according to the senior U.S. military official with knowledge of the region. Aircraft from Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Qatar flew with the U.S. planes during portions of the flight.”  See “U.S. flew two bombers from Louisiana over the Persian Gulf to deter Iran, says military,” Courtney Kube, NBC, December 10, 2020.

“U.S. military on alert for potential Iranian attack in Middle East,” Lara Seligman, Politico, December 10, 2020.

“Iran, Afghanistan open first rail link with eye on trade,” The Tribune, December 10, 2020.

“Rise in Israeli strikes in Syria has led to decrease of Iranian activity,” Anna Ahronheim, Jerusalem Post, December 10, 2020.

But no names and no parading in front of the cameras.  Is it true?  “Iran has arrested some suspects in killing of top nuclear scientist arrested Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, says official,” Reuters, South China Morning Post, December 9, 2020.

In a similar vein, intelligence agencies continue to try to assess the Leader’s health after the report a few days ago that he passed authority to one of his sons.  Another assessment they are trying to make is who (if anyone—this story could be fake considering the media source) has been arrested for the killing of the lead nuclear scientist.  See “Iran says arrests “some” involved in assassination of nuke scientist,” Xinhua, December 9, 2020.

“Iran: UN calls for accountability on 1988 prison massacres marks turning point in three-decade struggle,” Amnesty International, December 9, 2020.

“Satellite imagery points to Iran moving Natanz underground – NYT,” Jerusalem Post, December 9, 2020.

“Iran Is Already Stalking Israelis Visiting the UAE. Mossad Is Bracing for the Worst,” Yossi Melman, Haaertz, December 9, 2020.

Iran supports the Houthis and the Badr Organization.  See “Trump determined to designate pro-Iran groups as terrorist,” Maria Maalouf, Arab News, December 9, 2020.

No surprise here.  And, as you’ll see in the story, they don’t wear masks but not because of Covid.  “Iranians guiding Houthi missiles, says captured spy,” Saeed Al-Batati, Arab News, December 8, 2020.

“Iranian law bans the use of Israeli flags, symbols or signs. Iranians and visitors to the country associated or allegedly associated with Israel have ended up imprisoned or executed in the past.”  See “’Thank you Mossad’ banner, Israeli flag spotted in Iran’s capital – report,” Tzvi Joffre, Jerusalem Post, December 8, 2020.  “The flag and banner were placed amid the aftermath of the assassination of Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh.”

““Iran’s recent announcement to the IAEA that it intends to install an additional three cascades of advanced centrifuges at the Fuel Enrichment Plant in Natanz is contrary to the JCPoA and deeply worrying,” the statement by the so-called E3 said.”  See “UK, Germany, France calls Iran nuclear moves ‘deeply worrying’,” Adam Shaw, Fox News, December 8, 2020.

Despite the Regime’s representatives regular statements otherwise, “Khomeini apparently never issued a fatwa against nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction (WMD).”  See “Nuclear Fatwa:  Religion and Politics in Iran’s Proliferation Strategy,” Michael Eisenstadt and Mehdi Khalaji, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Focus #115, September 2011, cited and linked in “A history of continuity in Iran’s long nuclear program,” Sina Azodi, Atlantic Council, December 8, 2020.

“Iran vows to build two new nuclear facilities, alarming observers,” Richard Stone, Science, December 8, 2020.

This is the UN, not what individual countries track and know about the Dehlavieh anti-tank guided missile system and other weapons that Iran has been selling in contravention of Sec. Coun. Resolutions.  See “Anti-tank missile in Libya looks like Iran-produced weapon – U.N.,” Michelle Nichols, Reuters, December 8, 2020.

Another article pointing out that Iran does not act as a normal country.  Who else “supports anti-Israel militant groups like the Palestinian Hamas and Lebanon’s Hezbollah”?  See “Iran’s president vows to continue supporting Syria,” AP, Fox KVVU, December 8, 2020.

“CISA Warns About Iran’s Offensive Cyber Capabilities,” Oodaloop, December 8, 2020.

Just because an official says something doesn’t mean it’s true.  Case in point—look at this article.  There are no statements from the UN or WHO or the World Bank or anyone with credibility providing evidence for these Iranian officials’ claims.  See “Iran accuses US of blocking coronavirus vaccine purchases,” Al Monitor, December 8, 2020.

“Iran Upholds Death Sentence Against French-Based Journalist Captured Last Year,” Reuters, VOA, December 8, 2020.

Not your ordinary university.  Wonder what a degree qualifies one to do?  I imagine that the Quds curriculum and degrees are not approved by an accrediting body.  “U.S. to impose sanctions on Iranian official, university – U.S. official,” Reuters, December 8, 2020.

As just mentioned on this blog, Iran is not blocked from acquiring Covid vaccine.  The media should not enable these claims.  See “Washington Post Spouts False Iranian Talking Points On Sanctions Allegedly Blocking Vaccine,” Jordan Davidson, Federalist, December 8, 2020.

Articles like this would be comical if they weren’t about such a deadly topic—the threatened extermination of a people or country.  Is CNN willing to accept the Regime’s repeated disclaimers that it is not working on a nuclear bomb?  If so, they shouldn’t run this story.  If they are unsure, CNN needs to ask why would Israel (or someone) risk retaliation by killing this important nuclear scientist?  If not, CNN needs to fully explore Iran’s program.  Last, as CNN continues to examine its reporting, the reader is drawn to the last line in the article—“There are just over 40 days until Biden can begin to negotiate, and during which diplomacy’s adversaries can stop talks dead.”  What?!  Here, and from the context of the article, CNN (this is not an op-ed) is saying that the U.S. and Iran neither want diplomacy.  CNN needs to ponder the actions of both the U.S. and Iran—is it CNN’s position that both the current Administration and Iran are equally bad actors?  See “As Iran mulls retaliation for nuclear scientist’s death, a riddle remains. What exactly was he working on?,” Nick Paton Walsh, Jo Shelley, Ramin Mostaghim, and Scott McWhinnie, CNN, December 7, 2020.

It is not normal for a country to snatch one of its citizens (who has dual citizenship) and hold them hostage, waiting to see what she can be traded for.  And this is an elderly woman.  “I don’t know what Iran wants’: Mariam Claren’s fight to free her mother,” Patrick Wintour, Guardian, December 7, 2020.

Gives new meaning to the term habeas corpus.  “An official at the office of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Monday denied the rumor about the top leader’s health, Iran’s semi-official Fars news agency reported.”  But the Leader has not been seen publicly.  And this is a Chinese source—remember the disappearance for weeks by NK Leader Kim?  The Chinese do.  See “Iran’s top leader office denies rumors about bad health,” Xinhua, December 7, 2020.

“Why does the Iranian regime keep taking foreigners hostage as political leverage? The simple answer is that this tactic always works. Starting from the U.S. Embassy hostage crisis in 1979, the regime has inevitably got something in return for releasing captive foreigners, be it some form of financial gain, repatriation of Iranian prisoners detained overseas or other political concessions from foreign governments. Inevitably, too, these swaps have been described as “diplomacy.” But when the old hostages are sent home, the regime simply arrests new ones to replenish its stock of political pawns. The vicious circle is repeated. The irony here is that the regime’s hostage-taking is in fact a manifestation of its anti-diplomacy orientation. The Islamic Republic, from its formation in 1979, has consistently defied international norms, and frequently rejected the use of diplomacy and dialog as means of mitigating its differences with other countries. This is because of its revolutionary outlook and a unique, divine-sanctioned sense of hubris. No other state actor in the contemporary world has so frequently encouraged or tolerated the seizure and ransacking of foreign diplomatic representations. These are gross violations of the most basic diplomatic principles, but they are perfectly justifiable in the regime’s rhetoric of “revolution” and “quashing the global arrogance.””  See this well-reasoned article by Wang Xiyue, Ph.D. candidate in history at Princeton and an incoming Jeane Kirkpatrick fellow at American Enterprise Institute in D.C.—he was imprisoned in Iran from Aug. 7, 2016, to Dec. 7, 2019—at “Don’t Let Iran Get Away With Hostage-Taking,” Wang Xiyue, op-ed, Bloomberg, December 7, 2020.

About 10 ships so far announced in the media.  “The ‘Biggest Ever’ Flotilla Of Iranian Tankers Is En Route To Venezuela,” OilPrice.com, December 7, 2020.

He’s aiming to win friends, not enemies?  FM spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh sure knows how to wow the Saudis and the Europeans.  See “Iran Dismisses Saudi Call for Inclusion in Nuclear Talks,” Naharnet, December 7, 2020.

“No official confirmation has been made regarding any potential transfer of power, and media outlets have been unable to confirm it.” “In addition, it is unclear if the succession would be permanent, as it goes against the constitution’s rules regarding appointing a new supreme leader. According to Article 111 of Iran’s constitution, the supreme leader’s successor is to be chosen by the Assembly of Experts, which currently consists of 88 ayatollahs. In the interim, the country would be administered by a provisional leadership council, which would consist of Iran’s president, chief justice and a member of the guardian council. However, according to articles from prestigious think-tank the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, it may not be as simple as that, with outside pressures such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) likely a role in the process, due to the military body’s influence on the Assembly of Experts.” And you have the power of the Leader himself—he is not constrained by the IRI Constitution.  See “Iran Supreme Leader Khamenei hands power to son due to health – report,” Aaron Reich, Jerusalem Post, December 6, 2020.

Another wild theory—do they really have an idea what happened?  “Iran Says Scientist Was Killed Using Satellite-Controlled Gun,” Arsalan Shahla and Golnar Motevalli, Bloomberg, December 6, 2020.

“Iran’s ex-VP for women, accused of sharing classified info, gets jail sentence,” AFP, December 6, 2020.

Oh my, it’s finally happening.  After years of denial of poor health and cancer, the Supreme Leader Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei prepares for his departure.  But note that he gave power to his son and not another clerical figure. “Iranian journalist Mohamad Ahwaze reported the major political move on Twitter, citing sources in the country. Writing in Arabic, Ahwaze said Khamenei had handed power over to his son, Mojtaba Khamenei.”  The Assembly of Experts, supposedly charged with overseeing the Supreme Leader and selecting his successor, is not mentioned in this article.  It has been rumored that they were slowing considering replacement options for Khamenei but none of the open sources said what Khamenei or the Assembly would do if the Leader were incapacitated.  See “Iran’s Supreme Leader Transfers Power to Son as Health Deteriorates,” Darragh Roche, Newsweek, December 5, 2020.

“Iran Supreme Court To Retry Three Men Sentenced To Death Over 2019 Protests,” RFE/RL, December 5, 2020.